SUMMARY. The results of the population genetic and taxonomic analysis of the critical species of Orchids, viz. Anacamptis morio s. l. in the flora of Ukraine are presented. The genetic analysis was carried out using PCR analysis (RAPD-, ISSR amplification) and DNA sequencing (matK, atpF-atpH, rbcL) and genetic differentiation of populations of these plants from Transcarpathian Ukraine (Zakarpattia), Ukrainian Polissia and Crimea. A significant level of genetic difference between the Crimean populations and populations from Zakarpattia and Ukrainian Polissia was established, as well as a high level of genetic similarity between all of the studied populations of A. morio subsp. caucasica from Crimea. The highest level of genetic polymorphism of the studied populations was detected by the RAPD-markers OPA-11, OPP-10, OPA-18, UBC-297, as well as the ISSR-marker (AG)8TC. The main indices of genetic polymorphism of the five A. morio populations were as follows: the share of polymorphic loci (P) – 40,0–74,8 %; the effective number of alleles (ne) – 1,276–1,479; the gene diversity (h) – 0,156–0,276; the Shannon information index (I) – 0,229–0,408; the genetic distances between populations according to Nei (DN) – 0,047–0,325. For a more complete genetic characterization of populations, the following characteristics were also determined: expected total gene diversity (Ht); intrapopulation gene diversity (Hs); coefficient of gene differentiation of populations (Gst) as well as the value of gene flow (Nm). Based on the results of molecular genetic studies and the analysis of morphological and biological data in the flora of Ukraine, it is proposed to delimitate the taxa as follows: A. morio subsp. morio (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon et M.W. Chase, which grows in the Ukrainian Carpathians and the Polissia as well as A. morio subsp. caucasica (K. Koch) H. Kretzschmar, Eccarius et H. Dietr. distributed in the Crimea and the Northern Black Sea region on the territory of Ukraine.
Keywords: Orchidaceae, Anacamptis morio, rare plants, genetic polymorphism, PCR analysis, RAPD-, ISSR-markers, sequencing, matK, atpF-atpH, rbcL, Ukraine
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