Проведено цитологічне дослідження цитоміксису і хромосомного поліморфізму мікроспороцитів в мікроспорогенезі у Lilium croceum Chaix., Аllium fistulosum L. та A. cepa L. Встановлено, що основні цитоміктичні події притаманні ранній профазі мейозу і є облігатними (конститутивними) для мікроспорогенезу досліджених видів. У метафазних мікроспороцитів виявлені так звані екстра-хромосоми, ймовірно цитоміктичного походження. Вони характеризуються послабленням синапсису та/або розпадом гомологів та зв’язком з бівалентами основного складу з утворенням вторин-них асоціацій хромосом. Екстра-хромосоми присутні не тільки в гіперхромосомних, але в еу- та, навіть, гіпохромосомних мікроспороцитах. У більшості випадків екстра-хромосоми складають «генетичний баласт» для клітини, від якого вона поступово по-збавляється, використовуючи широкий клітинний інструментарій, зокрема хромосомні перебудови, димінуції хроматину, асиметричність веретена поділу і фрагмопласту, цитоміксис та програмовану клітинну загибель. Проте цілком імовірно, що частина екстра-хромосом може брати участь у перебудові каріотипу мікроспороцитів та мікроспор.
Ключові слова: Мікроспорогенез, цитоміксис, екстра-хромосоми, вторинні асоціації хромосом, димінуції хроматину, Lilium croceum Chaix., Аllium fistulosum L., A. cepa L.
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