SUMMARY. The effectiveness of immediate implantation of the fibrin matrix associated with mesenchymal stromal cells of Wharton’s jelly was investigated in a spinal cord injury (SCI) model. The study was conducted using white adult outbred male rats (~260 g, 4–5 months old). The trauma model is a left-sided section of a half of the spinal cord at the level of T13–L1 segments. The rehabilitation involved the immediate transplantation of the human fibrin matrix associated with mesenchymal stromal cells of human Wharton’s jelly (mesenchymal stromal cells, MSC, n = 9) into the injury area. The reference groups had the isolated SCI (trauma, Tr, n = 7) and the implantation of the human fibrin matrix (fibrin, Fb, n = 6) in the area of injury. The motor activity and spasticity of the paretic limb were evaluated on the BBB scale and the Ashworth scale in our own modifications, respectively. The morphological picture in the area of injury was studied in the remote period using the impregnation of longitudinal sections of the spinal cord with silver nitrate. Mesenchymal stromal cells of human Wharton’s jelly in the presence of fibrin matrix showed the signs of active vivality, growth, and migratory potential in the culture. The intense increase in the motor activity of the paretic limb in the Fb group was limited to the first 2 weeks of follow-up, in the MSC group – 3 weeks of follow-up. Throughout the experiment, the level of function in the MSC group was inferior to the level of the Fb group, but only in the first week of observation it was significant. Five months later, the index of motor function was 10.4 ± 1.0 points of BBB (MSC) and 11.6 ± 2.0 points of BBB (Fb), and in the group Tr – 5.9 ± 1.6 points of BBB. However, a significant difference in the values of the indicator was found for the MSC and Tr groups – 6 weeks, 3 and 5 months after the implantation. A significant advantage of the level of spasticity in the Tr group over the MSC group was found 6 and 7 weeks and 5 months after the injury, and an advantage over the Fb group – 7 weeks after injury. No significant differences in the level of spasticity between the MSC and Fb groups were found throughout the experiment. Immediate fibrin matrix implantation to the spinal cord injury area has a positive effect on the restoration of motor function of the paretic limb of the animal, especially in the presence of mesenchymal stromal cells of human Wharton’s jelly.
Keywords: spinal cord injury, Wharton’s jelly, mesenchymal stromal cells, fibrin matrix, locomotor function restoration, spasticity
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