Представлены данные о частоте микроядер (МЯ) в меристеме проростков Pinus pallasiana D. Don и Picea abies (L.) Kаrst. из природных популяций и насаждений техногенно загрязненных территорий. В контрольной поуляции P. pallasiana клетки с МЯ встречались с частотой 0,95 ± 0,13 %. Увеличение доли клеток с МЯ наблюдалось в условиях интродукции и техногенного загрязнения (2,41–3,38 %). Для P. abies показаны подобные результаты. Отмечено различное количество МЯ в патологической клетке (1–2 для P. pallasiana и 1–6 для P. abies). Размеры МЯ варьировали от 0,13 до 14,93 % от объема основного ядра в клетках P. pallasiana и от 0,07 до 61,87 % P. abies. Выявлены многоядерные клетки и клетки с ядром неправильной формы. Установлена тесная корреляционная зависимость между цитогенетическими нарушениями и частотой МЯ (r = 0,98). Предлагается использовать МЯ проростков семян изученных видов для оценки генотоксичности техногенно загрязненных территорий.
РЕЗЮМЕ. Представлено дані про частоту мікроядер (МЯ) в меристемі проростків Pinus pallasiana D. Don і Picea abies (L.) Kаrst. з природних популяцій і насаджень техногенно забруднених територій. У контрольній популяції P. pallasiana клітини з МЯ зустрічалися з частотою 0,95 ± 0,13 %. Збільшення частки клітин з МЯ спостерігалося в умовах інтродукції та техногенного забруднення (2,41–3,38 %). Для P. abies показані подібні результати. Виявлено різну кількість МЯ в патологічній клітині (1–2 для P. pallasiana і 1–6 для P. abies). Розміри МЯ варіювали від 0,13 до 14,93 % від об’єму основного ядра в клітинах P. pallasiana і від 0,07 до 61,87 % P. abies. Спостерігалися багатоядерні клітини і клітини з ядром неправильної форми. Встановлено щільну кореляційну залежність між цитогенетичними порушеннями і частотою МЯ (r = 0,98). Пропонується використовувати МЯ проростків насіння вивчених видів для оцінки генотоксичності техногенно забруднених територій.
Ключові слова: Pinus pallasiana D. Don, Picea abies (L.) Kаrst., микроядра, микроядерный тест, биотестирование
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